An operating system is the program that controls all the other parts of a computer system, both the hardware and the software. It allocates the computer's resources and schedules tasks. It allows you to make use of the facilities provided by the system. Every computer requires an operating system. UNIX is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating Single-user , single -task operating system-This type of operating system allows only one user to do a task on the computer and one thing at a time. Single -user, multi -task operating system - This type of operating system is used on Desktop computers, laptops, where a single user can operate on several programs at the same time. For example multithreading: It is easy to confuse multithreading with multitasking or multiprogramming , which are somewhat different ideas. An example of a single-user, single-task operating system is the operating system used by personal digital assistants (PDAs), also known as handheld computers. Single-user, multi-tasking operating systems allow a single user to simultaneously run multiple applications on their computer. Time-Sharing is the logical extension of multiprogramming. In this time-sharing Operating system, many processes are allocated with computer resources in respective time slots. In this, the processor's time is shared with multiple users. That's why it is called a time-sharing operating system. It has a fixed time slice for the different processes. The Context switching is a technique or method used by the operating system to switch a process from one state to another to execute its function using CPUs in the system. When switching perform in the system, it stores the old running process's status in the form of registers and assigns the CPU to a new process to execute its tasks. .

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